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The substitution hypothesis or twin hypothesis refers to several theories explaining the sightings of a risen Jesus not by physical resurrection, but by the existence of a different person, a twin or lookalike who could have impersonated Jesus after his death, or died in the place of Jesus on the cross. ==Christian and Gnostic traditions== The ''Acts of Thomas'' and the ''Book of Thomas the Contender'', both thought to have been written in the 2nd or 3rd century..,〔John D. Turner, ''The Anchor Bible Dictionary'', volume 6, p. 529.〕 state that the Apostle Thomas was the twin brother of Jesus, a claim that is in part supported by the etymology of ''Thomas'' and the name Judas (distinct from Judas Iscariot) that he is given in other early texts and traditions. These early texts do not put forward the substitution hypothesis with respect to the death and resurrection of Jesus, but the ''Acts of Thomas'' contain an episode in which the risen Jesus is mistaken for Thomas the Apostle〔Bart D. Erhman, ''Lost Scriptures: Books that Did Not Make It into the New Testament'', p. 122〕 The ''Second Treatise of the Great Seth'', a Gnostic text also from the 2nd or 3rd century, says that Simon of Cyrene died in the place of Jesus〔Bart D. Erhman, ''Lost Scriptures: Books that Did Not Make It into the New Testament'', p. 82〕 In the ''Gospel of Barnabas'', often considered to be of medieval origin, Judas Iscariot is given the likeness of Jesus and crucified in his place. Paul William Roberts reports in his 1995 travel narrative ''Journey of the Magi: In Search of the Birth of Jesus'', that contemporary Mandaeans hold that Thomas the Apostle was the twin brother of Jesus and was crucified in Jesus's place. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Substitution hypothesis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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